The tries of Constantine II, in 1489, to restore his rule over united kingdom of Kartli-Imereti were unsuccessful. Eventualaj ŝanĝoj en la angla originalo estos kaptitaj per regulaj retradukoj. 105 relations. This page was last modified on 30 March 2016, at 04:54. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Popular pages. The following years which were spent in muddling and confusion, culminated in 1801 with the official annexation of the kingdom by Alexander I within the Russian Empire during the nominal ascension of Heraclius's son George XII to the Kartli-Kakhetian throne. Reestablishment of Iranian rule over Georgia was short lived this time, and the next few years were years of muddling and confusion. [7] Unlike Peter I, Catherine, the then ruling monarch of Russia, viewed Georgia as a pivot for her Caucasian policy, as Russia's new aspirations were to use it as a base of operations against both Iran and the Ottoman Empire,[8] both immediate bordering geo-political rivals of Russia. Attempting to restore Persian hegemony over eastern Georgia, Ā q ā Mo ḥ ammad Khan Qajar marched north and destroyed Tbilisi in 1795. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, 1980, "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, Encyclopædia Britannica, "Treaty of Georgievsk", 2008, retrieved 2008-6-16, Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library: Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti webpage, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti&oldid=993748773, Early Modern history of Georgia (country), Vassal and tributary states of the Zand dynasty, 1760s establishments in Georgia (country), 1800s disestablishments in Georgia (country), States and territories disestablished in 1801, Articles containing Georgian-language text, Georgia (country) articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 07:39. Kartli had no strictly defined boundaries and they significantly fluctuated in the course of history. The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო) (1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti. [4] Around 1760, it had become evident as well that Karim Khan Zand had become the new ruler of Iran. After Teimuraz II died in 1762, Heraclius succeeded him as ruler of Kartli, thus unifying the two. George XI (Georgian: გიორგი XI, George XI) (1651 – April 21, 1709) was a Georgian monarch who ruled the Kingdom of Kartli (now central Georgia) from 1676 to 1688 and again from 1703 to 1709. But strife broke out among King George’s many sons and those of his late father over the throne, Heraclius II having changed the succession order at the behest of his third wife, Queen Darejan (Darya), to favor the accession of younger brothers of deceased kings over their own sons. Register Military. The Kingdom of Imereti (Georgian: იმერეთის სამეფო, romanized: imeretis samepo) was a Georgian monarchy established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagrationi when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. [18] To restore Russian prestige, Catherine II declared war on Persia, upon the proposal of Gudovich,[18] and sent an army under Valerian Zubov to the Qajar possessions on April of that year, but the new Tsar Paul I, who succeeded Catherine in November, shortly recalled it. for the question of this, KoK (Kingdom of Kartli) must be or not in the new Rome II tW game, I have decided to open this discussion thread. Coat of Arms according to Prince Vakhushti's Atlas (c.1745) Kingdom of Kartli in 1490. The Kingdom of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის სამეფო, romanized: kartlis samepo) was a late medieval/early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centred on the province of Kartli, with its capital at Tbilisi. Kvarkvare, fearing that Bagrat would gain too much power, released George VIII from captivity, but the king was unable to reclaim the crown and only managed to proclaim himself King of Kakheti, creating even more fragmentation. [2], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, For an ancient kingdom of Kartli that existed in this area between c. 300 BCE and 600 CE, see, Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Vol. Though Heraclius tendered his de jure submission to the newly established Zand dynasty quickly after the unification in 1762, the kingdom remained de facto autonomous for the next three decades to come. [6] In the same decades, the copper coins struck at Tbilisi bore three types of iconography; Christian, Georgian, "and even" Imperial Russian (such as the double-headed eagle). The kingdom of Kartli, in Kartli, eastern Georgia (15th-18th centuries) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. George XII (Georgian: გიორგი XII, Giorgi XII), sometimes known as George XIII (November 10, 1746 – December 28, 1800), of the House of Bagrationi, was the second and last King of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti (eastern Georgia) from 1798 until his death in 1800. Heraclius was able, after centuries of Iranian suzerainty over Georgia, to guarantee the autonomy over his kingdom throughout the chaos that had erupted following Nader Shah's death. The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Georgian: ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო, romanized: kartl-k'akhetis samepo) (1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti.From the early 16th century, according to the 1555 Peace of Amasya, these two kingdoms were under Iranian control. In the 15th century, after a long economical and political decline, Georgia became neighbors with the increasingly volatile and aggressive Ottoman Empire, and from the 16th century with the Safavid Empire, causing the kingdom to be in a state of almost constant war or ruled by the Persians for the entirety of its three centuries of existence. Mar 16, 2017 - Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Kartli - Kingdom of Kartli - Wikipedia La ĉi-suba teksto estas aŭtomata traduko de la artikolo Kingdom of Kartli article en la angla Vikipedio, farita per la sistemo GramTrans on 2015-11-12 13:10:29. Royal charter of George XI. Flag of Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.svg. In 1744, Nader Shah granted the kingship of Kartli to Teimuraz II and that of Kakheti to his son Heraclius II, as a reward for their loyalty. By the 1826-28 war, Russia took modern-day Armenia, the Nakhichevan Khanate, the Lankaran Khanate and Iğdır from Iran. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. [4] His style of governing resembled that of contemporary enlightened despots in Central Europe. The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Georgian: ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო, romanized: kartl-k'akhetis samepo) (1762–1801 ) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti. The historical lands of Kartli are currently divided … Kingdom of Kartli. Qajar shah, Agha Mohammad Khan, as his first objective,[10] resolved to bring the Caucasus again fully under the Iranian orbit. Kingdom of Kartli. In 1465, George VIII was captured by Kvarkvare II Jaqeli the Atabeg of Samtskhe. Vakhushti was a Georgian royal prince, geographer, historian and cartographer. After the 40 s, he was nominated to understand Kartli again, and in fact he was an Iranian advisor sitting in Tbilisi. [4] In 1762, he succeeded his father as king of Kartli, and with already being king of Kakheti, eastern Georgia thus became politically unified for the first time in three centuries. 10, pg. The war eventually ended with the Treaty of Gulistan, which forced Iran to officially cede eastern Georgia, Dagestan, as well as most of the modern-day Azerbaijan Republic to Russia. ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო . In the late eighteenth century two of the smaller kingdoms left over from the wreck of old Georgia came together to form the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti. [9] He viewed Georgia, like the Safavids and Nader Shah before him, no different from the provinces in mainland Iran, such as Khorasan. Heraclius had managed to mobilize some 5,000 troops, including some 2,000 from neighboring Imereti under its King Solomon II. The Kingdom of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის სამეფო, romanized: kartlis samepo) was a late medieval/early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centred on the province of Kartli… [9] It was therefore natural for Agha Mohammad Khan to perform whatever necessary means in the Caucasus in order to subdue and reincorporate the recently lost regions following Nader Shah's death and the collapse of the Zands, including putting down what in Iranian eyes was seen as treason on the part of the vali of Georgia. Shortly after, in 1762-1763, during Karim Khan's campaigns in Azerbaijan, Heraclius II tendered his de jure submission to him and received his investiture as vali ("governor", "viceroy") of Gorjestan (Georgia), the traditional Safavid office, which by this time however had become an "empty honorific". Inter-feudal strife continued even during the reign of Constantine, who lost the Battle of Aradeti with Kvarkvare in 1483, with Alexander son of Bagrat VI proclaiming himself as the king of the all Western Georgia in 1484. Soon after coming into power, George II of Kakheti launched an expedition against Kartli, intending to depose King David X and conquer his kingdom. English: This flag was apparently shown on the website of the Parliament of Georgia as the "flag of West Georgia (13th-14th centuries)" in 2005 [1] The claim associating it with Kartli-Kakheti (1762-1802) made by the uploader (2010) is apparently based on the worldstatesmen.org website. [9], The consequences of these events came a few years later, when a new dynasty, the Qajars, emerged victorious in the protracted power struggle in Iran. For Agha Mohammad Khan, the re-subjugation and reintegration of Georgia into the Iranian Empire was part of the same process that had brought Shiraz, Isfahan, and Tabriz under his rule. [9], Finding an interval of peace amid their own quarrels and with northern, western, and central Persia secure, the Iranians demanded Heraclius II to renounce the treaty with Russia and to re-accept Persian suzerainty,[10] in return for peace and the security of his kingdom. Most visited articles Project maintenance. Regno di Cartalia (it); Royaume de Karthli (fr); ממלכת כארתלי (he); Βασίλειο του Κάρτλι (el); Regne de Kartli (ca); Картлийское царство (ru); Kingdom of Kartli (en); Reino de Cártlia (pt); Картлійскае царства (be); ქართლიშ ომაფე (xmf); In the next few years, having secured mainland Iran, the new Iranian king set out to reconquer the Caucasus and to re-impose its traditional suzerainty over the region. [6], While Heraclius II's court maintained a certain Persian-type pomp, and he himself dressed in the Persian style as well, he launched an ambitious program of "Europeanization" which was supported by the Georgian intellectual élites; it was not overwhelmingly successful however, because Georgia remained physically isolated from Europe and had to expend all available resources on defending its precarious independence. The Second Kingdom of Kakheti (Georgian: კახეთის ... until 1762 when Kakheti and the neighboring Georgian kingdom of Kartli were merged through a dynastic succession under the Kakhetian branch of the Bagrationi dynasty. After the partition of the kingdom of Georgia in the 15th century, Kartli became a separate kingdom with its capital at Tbilisi. we have not ambitions to add Kingdom of Kartli as playable faction, but if CA will decide to make 8 playable and other 50 NOn-playable factions for this game, Kingdom of Kartli deserves to be in the list of 50 or more NON-playable factions, such Armenia, Epirus, Thracians, Slavs, Alans, Spanish Iberians, Bosphorus or some small eastern factions . He became the new Georgian king of a politically united eastern Georgia for the first time in three centuries. By the 1790s, a new strong Iranian dynasty, the Qajar dynasty, had emerged under Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, which would prove pivotal in the history of the short-lived kingdom. English: Coat of arms of Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti. Extent of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti. The Persian army marched back laden with spoil and carrying off thousands of captives.[12][14][15]. After the partition of the kingdom of Georgia in the 15th century, Kartli became a separate kingdom with its capital at Tbilisi. David's brother Bagrat successfully defended the kingdom and managed to capture George II in the ambush. In a few hours, the Iranian king Agha Mohammad Khan was in full control of the Georgian capital. Heraclius II himself died a year after that. 1466–1762: Flag. 466–469, Tb., 1986, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Kartli&oldid=712632278, States and territories established in 1466, States and territories disestablished in 1762, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Georgian-language text, Unclassified articles missing geocoordinate data, Former country articles requiring maintenance, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. In 1744, after Teimuraz II and Kakheti Erekle II royalty in Kartli, the lower Kartli was handed over. [1] From the mid-16th century till its dissolution in 1762, Kartli stayed under intermittent Persian rule and was an integral part of their various dynasties. From the early 16th century, according to the 1555 Peace of Amasya, these two kingdoms were under Iranian control. ქართლის სამეფო . Media related to Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti at Wikimedia Commons, Aftermath and absorption into the Russian Empire. Datum. [13], Agha Mohammad Khan subsequently crossed the Aras River, and after a turn of events by which he gathered more support from his subordinate khans of Erivan and Ganja, he sent Heraclius a last ultimatum, which he also declined, but, sent couriers to St.Petersburg. The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1801 ) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti.wikipedia. [7] A limited Russian contingent of two infantry battalions with four artillery pieces arrived in Tbilisi in 1784,[9] but was withdrawn, despite the frantic protests of the Georgians, in 1787 as a new war against Ottoman Turkey had started on a different front. The Kingdom of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის სამეფო) was a feudal Georgian state that existed from 1466/84 to 1762, with the city of Tbilisi as its capital. George XI. For an ancient kingdom of Kartli that existed in this area between c. 300 BCE and 600 CE, see Kingdom of Iberia. In 1490, he was finally forced to recognize the splitting of Georgian kingdom into kingdoms of Kartli, Imereti, Kakheti and the Principality of Meskheti. Sensing opportunity, Bagrat VI immediately proclaimed himself King of Kartli as well and took control of it in 1466. Peace didn't linger in the west either, as David X faced incursions from Alexander II of Imereti, who was somewhat less successful than his Kakhetian counterpart. [6] These coins were minted in Tbilisi up until 1799 – some twenty years after Karim Khan Zand's death. Аутор: Samhanin: Остале верзије: Лиценцирање. It is said that his successor, Emperor Alexander I, considered retracting the annexation in favor of a Bagratid heir, but being unable to identify one likely to retain the crown, on September 12, 1801 Alexander proceeded to confirm annexation. [18] On January 14, 1798, as King Heraclius II died, and he was succeeded on the throne by his eldest son, George XII (1746–1800) who, on February 22, 1799, recognized his own eldest son, the Tsarevich David (Davit Bagrationi-batonishvili), 1767–1819, as official heir apparent. During the 1804-1813 war, the Russians scored a crucial victory over the Iranian army at the Zagam river saving Tbilisi from Iranian reconquest. As it was impossible for Iran to give up Georgia, which had made part of the concept of Iran for centuries like the rest of its Caucasian territories,[18] the annexation of Kartli-Kakheti led directly to the Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century, namely that of 1804-1813 and 1826-1828. In 1783, Heraclius signed the Treaty of Georgievsk with the Russian Empire, by which he formally laid Kartli-Kakheti's investiture in the hands of the Russian monarch, and made the kingdom a Russian protectorate. [16] As the Cambridge History of Iran notes; "Russia's client, Georgia, had been punished, and Russia's prestige, damaged." [6] By minting the silver coins with a reference to Karim Khan Zand on it they were usable for trade in Iran, whereas the copper coins, struck for only local use, reflected Heraclius II's political orientation towards Russia. Thus, by 1828, the Russians had gained an immensely strong foothold in the Caucasus. [4] However, despite these large concessions made to Russia, Heraclius II was successful in retaining internal autonomy in his kingdom. [4], In the last few decades of the 18th century, Georgia had become a more important element in Russo-Iranian relations than some provinces in northern mainland Iran, such as Mazandaran or even Gilan. Through much of this period of time the kingdom was a vassal of the Persian empire, but enjoyed intermittent periods of greater independence, especially after 1747. [5] Karim Khan died in 1779 however, with Persia again being engulfed into chaos. In 1797, Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated in his tent in Shusha, the capital of the Karabakh khanate, which he had taken just some days earlier. Add new page. 255 Related Articles [filter] Heraclius II of Georgia. Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti: | | | | | | Kingdom of Kartli-K... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. The defeat of George VIII in the Battle of Chikhori against rebellious noble Bagrat, who proclaimed himself the King of Imereti, marked the beginning of the final disintegration of united Georgian monarchy and the state. After Nader Shah's death in 1747, Heraclius II and Teimuraz II capitalized on the eruption of chaos in mainland Iran. Kingdom of Kartli-Kakhetiball was a kingdomball in Georgia, it was created after the unification of Kingdom of Kartli and the Kingdom of Kakheti. In the ensuing period Heraclius II made alliances with the khans of the area, established a leading position in the southern Caucasus, and requested Russian aid. Kingdom of Iberiaball is an ancient Georgian countryball who was established by the great King Parnavaz back in 301 BC. [4] He exercised executive, legislative, and judicial authority and closely supervised the activities of government departments. Actually, Iberia is a hellenized version of his Persian (Virshn) and Armenian (Virk) names, but his native name is Kartli. The Ottomans, Iran's neighboring rival, recognized the latters rights over Kartli and Kakheti for the first time in four centuries. [6] Silver coins were struck with the name of Ismail III on it, or with the Zand-style inscription ya karim ("O Gracious One"), whereby an epithet to God was invoked, which actually referred to Karim Khan Zand. When Nader Shah died in 1747, Teimuraz II and Heracli… By that time, Georgia experienced a high degree of civil instability, feudal separatism, and civil wars. Se vi volas enigi tiun artikolon en la originalan Esperanto-Vikipedion, vi povas uzi nian specialan redakt-interfacon. Amongst others, this provided the nominal guarantee for protection against new Iranian attempts, or by any others, to (re)conquer or attack eastern Georgia. Heraclius II returned to Tbilisi to rebuild the city, but the destruction of his capital was a death blow to his hopes and projects. Category:Kingdom of Kartli. [12] Nevertheless, Heraclius II still rejected the shah’s ultimatum. [11], With half the number of troops Agha Mohammad Khan had crossed the Aras river, he now marched directly upon Tbilisi, where it commenced into a huge battle between the Iranian and Georgian armies. Upon learning of the fall of Tbilisi General Gudovich put the blame on the Georgians themselves. The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Georgian: ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო, romanized: kartl-k'akhetis samepo) (1762–1801[1][2]) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti. Crown of George XII of the Kingdom of Kartli … The Kingdom of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის სამეფო) was a feudal Georgian state that existed from 1466/84 to 1762, with the city of Tbilisi as its capital. Category:Kingdom of Kartli | Military Wiki | Fandom. On top of that, having another port on the Georgian coast of the Black Sea would be ideal. From the early 16th century, according to the 1555 Peace of Amasya, these two kingdoms were under Iranian control. In 1513 the Kingdom of Kartli conquered Kakheti but only for a short time – Kingdom of Kakheti was restored with the support of local nobles by Levan of Kakheti, son and heir of George II, in 1520. Recognizing the rival monarchies didn't result in peace between these realms. Dominant Georgian Orthodox Church ( Orthodox Christianity) Minor. [1], Heraclius II's "curiously ambivalent position" in these decades is reflected in the coins issued by him in his realm. Through much of this period of time the kingdom was a vassal of the Persian empire, but enjoyed intermittent periods of … The Kingdom of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის სამეფო, kartlis samepo) was a late medieval/early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centred on the province of Kartli, with its capital at Tbilisi. His principal historical and geographic works, Description of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Geographical Atlas, were inscribed on UNESCOs Memory of the World Register in 2013. In 1744, Nader Shah granted the kingship of Kartli to Teimuraz II and that of Kakheti to his son Heraclius II, as a reward for their loyalty. [4] Heraclius’s primary objective in internal policy was to further centralize the government through reducing the powers of the aristocracy. [4], Seeking to remain independent, but also realizing that he would need a foreign protector with regard to his kingdom's foreign policy, King Heraclius II concluded the Treaty of Georgievsk with Russia in 1783, resulting in the transfer of responsibility for defense and foreign affairs in the eastern kingdom,[1] as well as importantly, officially abjuring any dependence on Iran or any other power. By this, after the conquest of Tbilisi and being in effective control of eastern Georgia,[16][17] Agha Mohammad was formally crowned Shah in 1796 in the Mughan plain. Abdullah-Begi (Archil) In 1737, Abdullah-Begi Iranians appointed the kingdom of Kartli, but in the same year they invited it back. In 1762 the kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti were united. Paul tentatively accepted this offer, but before negotiations could be finalized, he changed his mind and issued a decree on December 18, 1800 annexing Kartli-Kakheti to Russia and deposing the Bagratids. Coat of arms. Bagrat VI continued to rule Kartli until 1478, when he was challenged by yet another pretender to the throne, Constantine II. George XI of Kartli. [9] As the Cambridge History of Iran states, its permanent secession was inconceivable and had to be resisted in the same way as one would resist an attempt at the separation of Fars or Gilan. This was short-lived, however, for Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated two years later. Following the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813, Iran officially ceded the kingdom to Russia, marking the start of a Russian-centred chapter in Georgian history. The Georgians, hopelessly outnumbered, were eventually defeated despite stiff resistance. Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.
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