BISHLAM. 32 Porten 1968, 55. I settled the people in their place, the people of Persia, and Media, and the other provinces. 1 A misinterpretation of the Hebrew led to the misidentification of Ahasuerus as Artaxerxes in the Septuagint, Josephus, and the Jewish Midrash. This speaks of the “end of the war” clue as well. In the links below I’d encourage you to read Mr. Lanser’s article The Seraiah Assumption as well as my responses to specific points of criticism that Mr. Lanser has raised in his article. 36 Bongenaar 1997, 50. Darius as the king of Babylon confirmed the decree of Cyrus and allowed the construction of the temple to continue. Verse 28 is the end of the sentence, you can’t take v28 just on it’s own. This indicates logical sequence is intended, not temporal sequence. Darius I: A Gentile King at the Crux of Jewish Messianic History, The Seraiah Assumption: Wrapping Up Some Loose Ends, https://www.the13thenumeration.com/Blog13/2019/05/04/cyrus-to-darius-the-2nd-temple-context-of-ezra-4/, http://www.blbclassic.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H116&t=NASB, Daniel’s 70 Weeks: The Keystone of Bible Prophecy, The Ancient Near Eastern Chronology Forum. Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. Furthermore, the Daiva inscription was used as evidence of Xerxes’ supposed policy of intolerance,6 and the dwindling amounts of Babylonian clay tablets in his reign were presented as proof of decline after his violent suppression of the revolts.7. The Passover, Resurrection, & Reed (Red) Sea Crossing, The Numerical Structure of Daniel 9 & the Prophecy of 70 Sevens, The Anti-Semitic Roots of a Christian Conspiracy Theory, Not Afraid of the Antichrist: A Book Review, The Priests & Levites of Ezra & Nehemiah: Exploring the Papponymy Assumption, Associates for Biblical Research Respond to the Artaxerxes Assumption, The Exodus & Reed Sea Crossing: Symbols of the Bible’s Redemptive Message, Israel’s Crossing of the Reed Sea: Applying the Golden Rule of Bible Interpretation, Israel’s Crossing of the Reed Sea: The Geographical & Chronological Context. A Divine “Command” to Return and Build Jerusalem, Calendar Confusion & the Bible’s Prophetic Record, Calendar Confusion & the Basics of Biblical Time, Passover & the Bible’s Sacrificial Symbolism, Douglas Woodward Tackles Daniel’s 70 Weeks, The Seventy Weeks of Walid Shoebat & Joel Richardson, Blood Moons & the Biblical Context of Time, The 13th Enumeration: Key to the Bible’s Messianic Symbolism, Blood Moons: Changing How We View Bible Prophecy, Generational Comparative of the 2nd Temple Era, The Messiah Factors (Part I): Decoding 13 & 14, Open Letter to Prophecy Teachers – RE: Daniel 9, Joseph Farah – The Gospel in Every Book of the Old Testament. Remember it was Assyria who took Israel (the 10 tribes) captive. This free audio Bible name pronunciation guide is a valuable tool in your study of God’s word. Appendices: As you can see the usage of ‘edayin with or without its preposition bĕ, is roughly an even split. Artaxerxes (Aramaic) and Ahasuerus (Hebrew) before Darius: Artaxerxes I Note: The word “trump” in the scriptures above, I believe, means “The last (7th) Trumpet” during the GT. On the outer fringes of the Persian Empire, the people were conspiring to rid themselves of Persian domination. The history described in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah proves this is a compelling way. In Nehemiah 13:6 we have “Artaxerxes, King of Babylon.” In the Kessler text “King of Babylon” comes after “King of Persia, Media” not after the nomen Artaxerxes. Letter to Artaxerxes. Second, some may attempt to solve this difficulty by alleging that Artaxerxes II was the king who reigned during the days of Ezra and Nehemiah’s return to Jerusalem, while Artaxerxes I was the king mentioned prior to Darius’ reign (Ezra 4:7-23). Nehemiah , in the 20th year of Artaxexes was given the permission to return to Jerusalem and rebuild her walls. Ezra 7 King Artaxerxes gives the decree for the Jewish people to return home and he also informs the rest of his empire to accommodate Jews with their return journey and the rebuilding of the temple. Now [after these things] the copy of king Artaxerxes’ letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power. My response was to “be a Berean” and check his information. “And he shall confirm (fulfill) the covenant with many for one week (of years): and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation (end of the world), and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate (non believers). It is uncommon in Babylonian sources. He allowed them to go back to their kingdom and assisted them with their journey and the rebuilding of the temple. Jesus will come in verse five, and will then provide safety in Jerusalem (verse 11). It referred me in turn to Gleason Archer’s standard reference book, the Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (TWOT). (Ezra 4:23-24), Authors Note: Please note that Mr. Lanser in his Addendum to his original article The Seraiah Assumption has provided additional information about his understanding of the word ‘edayin’ and its use here in Ezra 4 among other subjects. In Closing The Bible tells us differently, and if we listen we find it places real historical people by the same name as described in the Bible in the very same time frame. On the other hand, we know that the Persian king who followed Cambyses, Bardia (a.k.a Gaumâta/Smerdis) the Magian userper, who according to Darius’ own Behistun inscription, was responsible for the destruction of “the Temples” the previous kings had allowed. In other words, it chronologically describes real Persian history between the reigns of Cyrus and Darius. 1996, 121 n. 74. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion His coming in Zechariah 14:5 / Isaiah 59:20 will lead to the blessings in Zion seen in Isaiah 62:1-5. 1 (BM 74554), a receipt for barley issued at the order of the governor of Babylon and Across-the-River, and Libluṭ and Gadalâma, two men described as sepīru bēlṭēmi (‘Aramaic scribe [and] chancellor’). The Greeks also encouraged the Egyptians to revolt as well. (1) All are agreed that the Artaxerxes at whose court Ezra and Nehemiah were officials is Artaxerxes I, the son of Xerxes, commonly called Longimanus, who reigned from 465 to 424 BC. Also note, as explained in Part III of this series Cyrus to Darius: The 2nd Temple Context of Ezra 4, that the use of the Aramaic word ‘edayin’ (now/then) as a chronological synchronism in Ezra 4:23 & 24 provide strong evidence that the history of Ezra 4 is straight forward historical – chronological account of Persian history from Cyrus to Darius. It’s no trivial point. He was also influenced by the gods of other nations including the god of the Jewish people. My response to Rick Lanser’s – The Seraiah Assumption: Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes’ letter, Also note, as explained in Part III of this series, Murder of Smerdis and Coup of Gaumâta the Magian, [i.10] King Darius says: The following is what was done by me after I became king. The word confirm is a poor KJV translation. The Seraiah Assumption: Wrapping up Loose Ends by Rick Lanser, My response to Rick Lanser’s – The Seraiah Assumption: Artaxerxes’ decree played a part in this process, however, for it led to the return of Ezra, who gave that more specific word. Notice this occurrence of ‘edayin directly follows the same use of ‘edayin as given in Ezra 4:24 – the very  “exception” Mr. Lanser uses to make his erroneous point. Could you my brother in Jesus be wrong? Here is the point. A king who, unlike Darius, had no reverence for the religious monuments of the people who he ruled. Artaxerxes I, (died 425 bc, Susa, Elam [now in Iran]), Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465–425 bc).. BAR NONE! Then I prayed to Ahuramazda; Ahuramazda brought me help. Let’s do an experiment. Has traditional Biblical scholarship once again depended too much on what secular historians have written and too little on the Bible’s own historical and chronological details? He also returned the treasures that taken from the temple under the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. ARTAXERXES - ar-taks-urk'-sez (Artaxerxes): Is the Greek and Latin form of one, and perhaps of two or three kings of Persia mentioned in the Old Testament. First, I hope to further impress upon you the credibility of the Bible and the accuracy with which it describes history. in the first half of the 70th week ( after 3 and 1/2 years Jesus was crucified after making this decree and saying He would destroy the temple. Afterwards, Cambyses slew this Smerdis. Wasn’t it finish in the six year of the reign in Darius? That year, King Cyrus issued his decree to rebuild Jerusalem and have the Jewish captives return to Jerusalem (Ezra 1:1-4). Artaxerxes I (464–424 bc), known as Macrocheir or Longimanus, son and successor of Xerxes I (485–465 bc). no offence taken…i was just naming main kings….. your time line is correct. Šamšāya’s function bēlṭēmi(‘bearer of the report, chancellor’) is extremely rare in Neo- and Late Babylonian material. Artaxerxes l, 5th king of Persia 465-424 And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in Aramaic, and set forth in the Aramaic l anguage. This individual’s name was Shimshai the scribe. It is not, it is grammar-based, and I think the grammar rules should carry the argument. The Septuagint (Greek Bible) and Josephus (first-century historian), however, both refer to Ahasuerus as Artaxerxes I. in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, etc. Then [after these things] ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. Xerxes or their aftermath: the Kedor-Laomer texts, for instance, have been explained as a literary reaction to repression in the later Persian period (Foster 2005, 369). Also, a shift of titles between two protagonists of Ezra 4: 8–9, 23 in the course of the editorial process could be assumed. Sadly, MOST will not agree. Man that was deep, I would like to learn more from you. [i.11] King Darius says: Afterwards, there was a certain man, a Magian, Gaumâta by name, who raised a rebellion in Paišiyâuvâdâ, in a mountain called Arakadriš. His father was the former King Xerxes and he ruled the Persian Empire from 465 B.C. 424 – Sogdianus (brother) Douay-Rheims Bible And in the days of Artaxerxes, Beselam, Mithridates, and Thabeel, and the rest that were in the council wrote to Artaxerxes king of the Persians : and the letter of accusation was written in Syriac, and was read in the Syrian tongue. bish'-lam (bishlam, "peaceful" (? Part VI – Mordecai & the Chronological Context of Esther We learned that the Jewish people only got as far as laying some of the foundation stones for the temple before their own lack of zeal and the harassment of their enemies stop their construction efforts. In prophecy a day stand for a year of actual time and true enough. Also, we must consider that the prophecy of 2 Thessalonians 2:4 remains to be fulfilled still, and a new temple must be rebuilt for that to happen. 8 The quote is from Kuhrt 2014, 166 where she reflects on the 1987 article with SherwinWhite. Meaning: the silence of light; fervent to spoil . As king of  Babylon Cyrus had the authority to set the Jewish captives free as well as return the temple treasure taken by Nebuchadnezzar. I restored that which had been taken away, as is was in the days of old. Xerxes ll, 6th king of Persia 424-424 B.C. "A book that will change how you look at the Bible's Messianic Symbolism. Mr. Lanser’s explanation above is disconcerting for several different reasons. 24 Cf. He lied to the people, saying: “I am Smerdis, the son of Cyrus, the brother of Cambyses.” Then were all the people in revolt, and from Cambyses they went over unto him, both Persia and Media, and the other provinces. 35 Stamm 1939, 242. As we’ll explore in forthcoming articles in this series, this shift of Bible history by nearly 60 years has really skewed our  view of the 2nd temple era and this is no where better demonstrated than the history of the Biblical heroine Esther and her king. Required fields are marked *, Bible Charts and Maps, PO Box 171053, Austin, TX 78717 They state that the uprisings that he experienced during his time in power had planted seeds for future revolts and rebellions and it didn’t matter if he put an end to them. Ezra 7:21 | View whole chapter | See verse in context And I, even I Artaxerxes the king, do make a decree to all the treasurers which are beyond the river, that whatsoever Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven, shall require of you, it be done speedily, I quote Mr. Lanser above: “The “then” of Ezra 4:24 therefore must be understood, based on rules of grammar, not as an action following consecutively in time after Ezra 4:23, but as completing the thought paused after Ezra 4:5, when the author, following a thematic rather than chronological contextual approach, went on a sidetrack about similar Samaritan problems which would take place in the future. The word used there is בֵּאדַיִן—ʼedayin with the preposition bĕ prefixed to it! 1.Ezr 4:7-24, the king who stopped the rebuilding of the temple because he listened to the malicious report of the enemies of the Jews. Kores (Cyrus): grandson of Cyrus the great and probably his namesake: Xerxes, Ahasuerus in the book of Esther: probably Artaxerxes I, Artaxerxes in the book of Nehemiah: Artaxerxes I, Your email address will not be published. Hi, I thought it was King Darius who told the Jewish people to rebuild their city. So when Ezra 4:7-24 describes an “Artaxerxes” who stopped construction on the temple of Jerusalem after the reign of Cyrus but before the reign of Darius, it confirms Darius I own account of this Magian usurper who he deposed. Xerxes I was the Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther and Ezra 4:6. As mentioned above Mr. Lanser has updated his original article The Seraiah Assumption with some further thoughts and explanations in response to my rebuttal of his article as well as an email exchange we’ve had in the interim. There, he rebuilds the wall around Jerusalem, among other achievements, and is around at the same time as … In Ezra 6 by following the same straight forward interpretive principles that we applied to Ezra 4 & 5, we learned that the Bible in Ezra 6:14 informed us that Darius was also known by the Persian title “Artaxerxes”. 7 In the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam and Mithredath and Tabeel and the rest of their associates wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia. 6 But in all this time was not I at Jerusalem: for in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon came I unto the king, and after certain days obtained I leave of the king: (Nehemiah 13:6). Since he kept the system of government in place that was started by King Darius I, he was able to keep a vast network of trade and tribute flowing throughout the empire. The king could also deal effectively with his enemies such as Artabanus who conspired to take his throne. Your email address will not be published. Ezra 7:1 $1000 to Help Solve the Artaxerxes Assumption, Hanukkah, Christmas, & the Back-story of the Messiah’s Birth – PART II, Hanukkah, Christmas & the Back-story of the Messiah’s Birth, Halloween: Resurrecting the Day of the Dead, Sir Isaac Newton, Daniel 9, & the Rabbinic Forgeries Hypothesis, A Personal Note on Hope & Building the Future, The Masoretic Text, Matthew 1, & the Jubilee, Matthew 1, the Masoretic Text & the Bible’s Messianic Symbolism, The Septuagint, the Masoretic Text, & Matthew 1, Nelson Walters: A Guest Post on 2nd Temple Chronology, Seven, 70, & Sevens: Daniel 9 & the Bible’s Messianic Symbolism, The Messiah Factors: Numerical Evidence for Yahweh’s Redemptive Plan – Part II (b), The Messiah Factors: Numerical Evidence of Yahweh’s Redemptive Plan. Here is the bottom line. If I find out that is, I will beg forgiveness and change it: 559-530- Cyrus the Great I’ve learned over the years when something doesn’t seem to make sense, it is better to assume that I just don’t have all the information I need, rather than assume the Bible got it wrong. These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of {a} Artaxerxes … The 13th Enumeration is my tribute to Yahweh, the living God of the Bible and His redemptive plan for all mankind through the Jewish Messiah Yeshua (Jesus). Grace and peace be multiplied unto you through JESUS CHRIST! After that Gaumâta, the Magian, had dispossessed Cambyses of Persia and Media, and of the other provinces, he did according to his will. [i.14] King Darius says: The kingdom that had been wrested from our line I brought back and I reestablished it on its foundation. Curious, isn’t it, that two of the three records (historical and Biblical), where Mordecai is mentioned, place him as a leader in the early years of the 2nd temple era. You better be careful, the path you’re on leads where you don’t want to go. No disrespect, but I disagree with your chart: I believe the following chart is more correct, but I could be wrong. Our first example comes from Cambyses (likely Ahasuerus of Ezra 4:6) who did not stop construction of the temple when petitioned by the enemies of the Jewish people. Today the majority of Biblical scholars hold that this king was the Persian Longimanus who ruled from 464-424 BC. (Nehemiah 2:1) He reigned from 465 to 424BC and was the son of Xerxes I, but it’s not clear if Esther was his mother. These verses are the crux of Ezra’s 2nd temple era chronology as it relates to Yahweh’s divine command (word-dabar) to restore and build Jerusalem. The trial was held in the presence of four men, including one judge. Ezra 4:23 does not include the prefix, so in that case a temporal meaning applies. 13 I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and of his priests and Levites, in my realm, which are minded of their own … I used to host a Christian chatroom on Pal-talk. [i.15] King Darius says: This was what I did after I became king. (1) All are agreed that the Artaxerxes at whose court Ezra and Nehemiah were officials is Artaxerxes I, the son of Xerxes, commonly called Longimanus, who reigned from 465 to 424 BC. Ezra 6 describes Darius I ‘The Great’ as an “Artaxerxes”, because this name was used as a throne name by Darius’ grandson Longimanus we assume this must be the only way this word was used in Persian history. Bēlṭēmi is possibly a Neo-Assyrian term that entered Aramaic and consequently Persian chancellery parlance. Even if I had made such a statement, if Mr. Lanser would have checked the use of the word ‘edayin he would have found such as statement to be totally erroneous. From Cyrus to Darius In Ezra 4:6-8, 23 the Bible describes a character who was part of the efforts to harass the Jewish people during the reign of “Artaxerxes” (Bardis/Gaumata). Their titles admittedly vary (Šamšāya is called bēlṭēmi, while Shimshai a spr᾿), but both Stolper 1989 no. in Ezra 6 I believe, it says that the temple was completed in the 6 yr of Darius but in Ezra 8 it’s give an account for the ppl return back to Jerusalem with Ezra in the 7th year of artaxerxes. So am getting confused because it seems Darius came after the reign of Artaxerxers. A son of Cyrus, named Cambyses, one of our dynasty, was king here before me. In the appendices of this article I’ve included an interesting discussion of the only known occurrences of the title “king of Bayblon” used in conjunction with an unidentified  “Artaxerxes”. (you can click on image to enlarge). Artaxerxes: ar-taks-urk'-sez (Artaxerxes): Is the Greek and Latin form of one, and perhaps of two or three kings of Persia mentioned in the Old Testament. Ezra 4:7 . Nehemiah was a high official in the Persian court of King Artaxerxes I at the capital city of Susa, which lay 150 miles east of the Tigris River in what is now modern Iran. Judges Rēmūt-bēl-ilāni (active under Neriglissar in Babylon), and Nabû-rā’im-šarri (attested in Nabonidus’ second year in Tapsuḫu) were members of the same clan and since judicial functions were often passed in families, Mušēzib-Bēl’s link to one of them appears plausible.25 The fourth man present at the trial was Aštakka’, whose name is non-Babylonian. Part VIII – Darius I: A Gentile King at the Crux of Jewish Messianic History I think you’ll be thrilled at just how congruent the Bible is as it relates to us the history of the 2nd temple era. Here read for yourself. King Artaxerxes then killed his brother and took over the throne. Posts about artaxerxes written by heyguysitsthebible. Because Ezra and Nehemiah were contemporaries this means that Nehemiah’s “Artaxerxes” was none other than Darius I ‘The Great’. 30 Tuplin 2013, 128–130. Thus, the ‘word’ spoken of in Daniel 9:25 must be the decree of Cyrus. Which are the LAST 7 yrs this world will exist, as we know it, AKA: The “Great Tribulation”. Noté /5. First of all Mr. Lanser (as he’s done in his article regarding the Darius Assumption) misunderstands and then misstates my position. This would mean that Artaxerxes I acceded in 475 BC, which being the 20th year of Xerxes, would mean that Xerxes acceded to full coregency in 495 BC and had 494 BC as his first coregnal year, rather than 484 as proposed by CAH. The more I study the chronology of the Bible, the more I am struck by how accurately it describes history. Did you know that the Persian records attest to a man named Mordecai who was a high official in Persia during the 2nd temple era? What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. He became king. Had he done so, he would have realized that in each and every case in which ‘edayin with the preposition bĕ is used, it clearly describe a natural and chronological succession of events. So let’s look at Mr. Lanser’s further explanation regarding the use of ‘edayin to see the Biblical merits of his case. A younger son of Xerxes I and Amestris, he was raised to the throne by the commander of … What is the meaning of AD, BC, BCE and CE? One of Mr. Struse’s most recent posts, “Cyrus to Darius: The 2nd Temple Context of Ezra 4” (https://www.the13thenumeration.com/Blog13/2019/05/04/cyrus-to-darius-the-2nd-temple-context-of-ezra-4/), spends considerable time discussing his understanding of the Hebrew term ’edayin and its exegetical significance. Please see Mr. Lanser’s article here: The Seraiah Assumption: Wrapping Up Some Loose Ends. 2. That does not happen again until the Year 4 Artaxerxes tablet OECT X 191 from Hursagkalama and the other tablet from this location but with year-date broken away (OECT X 229). 1. Ezra 4:7 KJV. Shimshai the Scribe Promise. Entry 2558 in that work states that the Aramaic term generally takes a temporal sense as Struse insists, but with one exception: “Used also with prepositions bĕ [בּ] or min meaning ‘since.’” If we go to the Aramaic text of Ezra 4:24, what do we find? And in the days of Artaxerxes] Artaxerxes Longimanus succeeded his father Xerxes and reigned forty years (465–425). (Ezra 5:1-2). 17 And a stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den; and the king sealed it with his own signet, and with the signet of his lords; that the purpose might not be changed concerning Daniel. It does not seem possible to us that both the tablet in the British Museum and the one found by the University of Pennsylvania can be forgeries or errors. Right here where Mr. Lanser and many of his peers by necessity must see a “a thematic rather than chronological contextual approach” to Biblical history we have a very strong likelihood that the Bible confirms its own internal chronology by dating this period to a historical figure found in the Persian records at the start of Darius I’s reign. The only problem is the tablet in which he is named is dated to the reign of Cambyses not the reign Artaxerxes I (Longimanus). I came across this discussion and I found it to be very interesting just because I am writing a book in this subject; I agree with what you said; but in my understanding there is just one gap; the reason God separated the seven sevens, (49 years) from the sixty-two ‘sevens(434 years) is to emphasises the accuracy, perfection and certainty of what he is revealing will come to pass; he is giving the proof of his perfection; here is what after praying and researching came to my understanding; there is no gap whatsoever at all between the seven weeks and the 62 weeks; God is only highlighting the first seven sevens for few reasons;If in Dan 9:24, God has decided that it will be seventy weeks to achieve 6 objectives, to resolve Israel’s rebellion against him, he meant what he said; in God’s calendar and timing not even a dot or a comma will be taken out or added. On the tenth day of the month Bâgayâdišnote I, with a few men, slew that Gaumâta, the Magian, and the chief men who were his followers. The former kingdom of Babylon became a Persian province only after Darius’ death and it is worthwhile noting that during his reign, Babylon was a satrapy of two big provinces (Babylonia and [lands] Beyond the River) and its ruler has been called “Governor of Babylon and Beyond the River24”. Also his argument that bēlṭēmi is never preceded by the determinative lú (2000, 192–193) is no longer standing: such writing (lúen ṭè-mu) is found in BM 67669. The following quote comes from Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence as published in the Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta edited by Caroline Waerzeggers and Maarja Seire page 45-47. The people enjoyed prosperity and peace during his reign because he was able to keep control of the lands of Persia. 3. Mr. Struse was honest in reporting that his source treats the, “The “then” of Ezra 4:24 therefore must be understood, based on rules of grammar, not as an action following consecutively in time after Ezra 4:23, but as completing the thought paused after Ezra 4:5, when the author, following a thematic rather than chronological contextual approach, went on a sidetrack about similar Samaritan problems which would take place in the future. (1.) After Cyrus died and a new Persian king (whom the Bible describes by the title or name Ahasuerus – Ezra 4:6) came to power these counselors approached this Persian king in an effort to stop construction.
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