the explosion of cultural achievement . ]. The role of the printing press in spreading new ideas about farming led to lots of land being enclosed. Together, the process over a longer period of time was far less labour intensive and thus led to many farmhands losing their jobs. Vagrants to be whipped and burned through the ear; 3rd offence = execution. You may use the following in your answer: Enclosure Price rises This made more money for the gentry who owned the land, but sheep farming did not employ as many people as … Pretended to be ill. People moved away from the countryside to live in towns. Fax: +44 01937 842110, We’re proud to sponsor TABS Cricket Club, Harrogate Town AFC and the Wetherby Junior Cricket League as part of our commitment to invest in the local community, Company Reg no: 04489574 | VAT reg no 816865400, © Copyright 2018 |Privacy & cookies|Terms of use, Native American Resistance and the Failure of the First Colonisation of Virginia (GCSE Example Answer), Navigational Technology and Exploration during the Elizabethan Era (GCSE Example Answer), Theatre as the Dominant Form of Entertainment in Elizabethan England (GCSE Example Answer), War in Spain and the Murder of Mary, Queen of Scots (GCSE Example Answer), Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer), Combating Disease in the Medieval Period (GCSE Example Answer), Spartacist Uprising as a Challenge to the Government of the Weimar Republic (GCSE Example Answer), Problems of the Weimar Constitution (GCSE Example Answer), Reasons for Upheaval in Germany after the First World War (GCSE Example Answer), Medieval Approaches to Disease and the Four Humours (GCSE Example Answer), Weimar and Nazi Germany (1918-39) - Exam Buster Revision Guide for Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History, America 1840-95: Expansion & Consolidation - Exam Buster Revision Guide for AQA GCSE (9-1) History, Advertise your teaching jobs with tutor2u. Remote learning solution for Lockdown 2021: Ready-to-use tutor2u Online Courses Poverty was a major problem in Tudor England and it became significantly worse in Elizabethan times. How did sheep farming lead to an increase in poverty? These changes resulted in a loss of jobs which in turn caused countryside communities to migrate to urban ones in search of work. 1550s when Spain stopped the English cloth trade in the Netherlands. The Golden Age is the name given to . Match. As monasteries had also helped … Elizabethan England? The problem of poverty had worsened by the end of the reign. Spell. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. By 1558, ... Land, including common land, had been fenced off (enclosed) for sheep farming. The strictly religious in Elizabethan England had much cause to frown. Sunday of course, remained inviolate, and was supposed to be a day of prayer and reflection. For most however, it was a chance to go to plays, bear-batings and markets, though such Sabbath breaking was, of course, frowned upon. This led … [This introductory description is helpful, but not necessary. Feedback from the 2019 exam series about Explain questions from Edexcel. Society in Elizabethan England was changing and the number of poor people living in abject poverty was increasing. The mayor wanted to know how many ... Sheep farming & enclosure Many farmers began to look for more profitable ways to earn ... causing in England with inflation. Overall, whilst the consistent feature of population growth placed big strains on Elizabethan England and the intermittent recessions (due to trade embargoes imposed by Spain) and unforeseen bad harvests caused inflationary prices, it was changes to farming that increased vagabondage the most. None. The shift towards sheep farming required far fewer labourers than growing crops and also encouraged the enclosure of common land, reducing grazing for the poor. ... Also landlords were moving away from … Only 2-3%, but a big impact where it happened. Elizabethan England Revision Guide Name: Date: ELIZABETHAN QUESTION TYPES AND HOW TO ANSWER. Enclosure was dedicating smaller areas of land to crops and animals. Widows were more likely to be poor. Needed fewer workers which led to unemployment; land was used for grazing sheep or growing food for sheep instead of people. Distinguish between impotent and able bodied poor and find work for the able bodied. Looks aside, what we love most about it the Jacob is its wool. Explain your answer. Sheep became increasingly widely used for wool, particularly in the Welsh borders, Lincolnshire and the Pennines. Despite this attempt at limiting individual flock size, over the sixteenth century flocks continued to increase, with a corresponding decrease in the number of individual flock-owners. ... and then sold or exported the finished cloth. Impotent poor. Check the boxes below to ignore/unignore words, then click save at the bottom. Another important farming change was improved approaches and techniques, which maximised efficiency, but at the expense of jobs. The various developments combined to increase rural unemployment and motivate rural depopulation, while simultaneously increasing food prices and land rents. The closing down of the monasteries in the 1530s created … Historians studying the Elizabethan Era, the period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) that is often considered to be a golden age in English history, have focused mainly on the lives of the era's wealthy nobles. Wool trade got an immense boost during this period resulting in the rearing of sheep replacing agriculture as the prime occupation. 11 Mar 2021. However, one key reason for increased poverty, homelessness and vagabondage was population growth. “The Puritans presented the most serious challenge to the religious settlement in the years 1558-1568.” How far do you agree? West Yorkshire, Impotent(Deserving poor) Able bodied / Idle (undeserving poor) The “undeserving poor” were treated very harshly. Sheep farming required less employees than crop farming. Local tax to raise money to give the poor as poor relief. [This point is often neglected as students forget that international relations have a part to play in trade and the economy. Carries large sack with all her stolen items in it. Big problem in Elizabethan England caused by changes in the countryside and the decline in the cloth trade. What caused the Golden Age? Certainly, changes in farming had a big impact on people in rural areas. “The Puritans presented the most serious challenge to the religious settlement in the years 1558-1568.” How far do you agree? Improved farming techniques and an emphasis on enclosure and sheep farming placed less demand on labour-intensive work, which then meant landowners could exploit the competition for jobs by increasing land rents and reducing wages to maximise their own profits. O o o o O < O o o o o o o o o o Reach the audience you really want to apply for your teaching vacancy by posting directly to our website and related social media audiences. Speak of Elizabethan England and one conjures up images of splendid costumes worn at the Royal Courts, extravagant entertainment and banquets. Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588 . Vagrants faced severe … [This is highly analytical. Pigs remained popular on holdings because of … Oxen remained the primary plough animal, with horses used more widely on farms in the south … People who refused to pay could be imprisoned. One of the types of vagabonds Harman warned about. Set up a national poor rate; JPs to keep a register; towns given responsibility to find work for able bodied poor. Causes of Poverty . In Tudor England about a third of the population lived in poverty. You may use the following in your answer: Sheep Farming Rising prices 8. The links further ensure the answer is coherent with a logical, sustained argument. Importantly too, a lot of common land (which was traditionally reserved for the general population to grow food or rear pigs with) was taken over for the sheep to graze on, which made the problems of growing food for the rural community worse. How did sheep farming lead to an increase in poverty? ... Sheep; Rabbits; Arable farming; Occupations and cottage industries; Wealth and worth; Economic problems; Unit 5: Parish and County. Here are ten facts to bring you up to speed on Tudor farming: As many as 90 percent of the population of Tudor England lived in rural farming communities, earning the majority of their income from either livestock or arable farming. Homeless people who roamed the countryside begging. (Nobles were the elite men and women who held social titles.) Elizabeth I became Queen in 1558 and from Elizabethan times to the 17th Century and beyond, the title of yeoman was used to denote a free man owning his own farm, either as a freeholder or a leaseholder. High prices and competition for fewer jobs from a growing population mean that num- ... elizabethan-england-1558-1588 G7TZ-R98G—Schoology ode 2. Farming. Farming sheep was profitable because of the wool trade. The monks of Leominster in Herefordshire bred the Downs type sheep. F) Closure of monasteries, 1536-1541. Much cheaper & more effective than TES or the Guardian. Elizabethan England was often a violent and dangerous lace. These basic facts must be recapitulated if we are to understand the life of the Elizabethan farmer, whose circumstances were so different from our own that, until we have grasped their background, we find it hard to picture them. Explain your answer. For those that stayed in rural areas, competition for jobs also meant lower wages. Peasants in the Elizabethan Era The Peasants were the farmworkers who worked in the fields of the wealthy landowners. Elizabethan England was faced with a huge economic problem. A highly analytical and developed answer, linking the changes made to farming the wider issues surrounding trade, unemployment and rural depopulation. 11 Daily Life in the Elizabethan Era. Vagabondage itself was the product of an increasing number of unemployed people (especially from the countryside) moving to urban areas. When large landowners changed from arable to sheep farming, unemployment increased rapidly. During Elizabeth's reign, England's population rose by 35%. This led to rural depopulation and a mass exodus to the towns and cities of England. Agree Disagree Conclusion: Not everyone in Elizabethan England benefited from the increased prosperity and trade. ... which meant that land which had been farmed by peasants was now dedicated to rearing sheep and a process known as land enclosure meant that the traditional open … All These rural peasants did most of the works in the farms in exchange or a meagre wage. Time when the economy is doing badly e.g. Elizabeth Kneafsey seemed set for a career in the arts after studying theatre at Nottingham Trent University. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on whether changes made to farming was the main reason for increased vagabondage in England. The Causes of Poverty. How did sheep farming increase poverty in Elizabethan England? However, sheep farming needed large amounts of land and this causes problems. One of the prime lambs producing breed which is highly fertile. Elizabethan England was an exciting and turbulent place in which to live. Poverty still a problem; unemployment seen as a genuine problem; attitudes towards the poor improved a little. Outside the hierarchy of society and outside the law. Citation: C N Trueman "The Poor in Elizabethan England" historylearningsite.co.uk. The Jacob is the only sheep breed that consistently produces a spotted fleece. Big problem in Elizabethan England caused by changes in the countryside and the decline in the cloth trade. It meant farmers could better look after their produce and thus rear animals and grow food of a better quality. Explain your answer. Pigs remained popular on holdings because of their ability to scavenge for food. Vagrants. Explain your answer You may … 1 . ... New farming system developing – more and more landowners began to keep sheep on their land rather than rent it out – this was known as land enclosure as they enclosed the sheep with hedges. Lastly, the removal of ancient rights via the removal of common land from the common people meant there was no safety net. In Elizabethan England, Jacob Sheep were kept as “park sheep, or living lawn ornaments, on country estates. The closing down of the monasteries in the 1530s created even more unemployment. Prison for the able bodied poor who refused to work. ... Changes in farming: Many landlords decided to enclose their … 75-76). Farm labourers lost their jobs. It meant that farm labourers lost their jobs and removed the common land between the people. This occurred whilst simultaneously driving down wages because of the increased competition for jobs. Learn more ›. for grazing pigs, foraging for food. Elizabethan society was concerned for the poor, in 1570 a survey was undertaken in Norwich. There was no police force or permanent army. How did enclosure lead to an increase in poverty? Elizabethan England? England’s population grew from 3 million in 1551 to 4.2 million in 1601, which increased demands for food and therefore drove up prices. Life for the poor in Elizabethan England was very harsh. Citation: C N Trueman "The Poor in Elizabethan England" historylearningsite.co.uk. However other causes such as sheep farming were important as enabling factors as was the economic decline as trade with the Netherlands went down, but these were only trigger factors which made the already existing problems of I a high population worse. 7. Explain your answer. Lastly, additional land was reserved for growing crops that only animals could eat, further depleting land available for people to work on and grow food to live off. ConnorBowran. Sheep were the most common farm animal in England during the period, their numbers doubling by the 14th century. Reliance on sheep farming and the wool trade was problematic because England’s chief trading partner was the Netherlands, which was controlled by the Spanish. Sheep Farming. Unemployment was a major cause of poverty. For example, the increasing lucrativeness of the wool trade (it accounted for 81.6% of exports during Elizabeth’s reign) meant that many farmers switched from growing food to sheep farming. Those who refused to work were sent to a house of correction. Enclosing land was a method of farming which enclosed … Why was there an increase in sheep farming? I of poverty which pushed people into becoming vagabonds in Elizabethan England. Henry VIII had closed all the monasteries which used to give food and shelter to the unemployed. Sheep could not be farmed to the exclusion of other livestock; for every 60 animals, at least one milking cow was required by a statue of 1555, and a calf for every 120 sheep. The clothiers offered good prices for wool, and sheep farming became profitable. A woman whose husband had died. [The summary and linkage of factors here, as well as the emphasis on developments over the long term, help to reinforce the criteria upon which the judgement was based. Sheep farming required less employees than crop farming. Gravity. England’s wool and cloth industry accounted for 82% of exports. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. Able bodied poor. Boston House, Keeping order relied upon a clear social structure in which everyone knew their place and had a role. In the interests of time, depending on the speed in which a candidate can write, it may be best simply to go straight into the initial judgement and analysis. ... Change to sheep farming- farming sheep for wool became more lucrative in this period, so landowners changed to this rather than growing crops. Regular trade embargoes by the Spanish to punish Elizabeth for perceived interference in the affairs of the Dutch rebels meant that recession often hit the UK, which effected many industries associated with the wool trade (like the ship building industry) but especially with sheep farming. Sheep farming You must also use information of your own Population Growth Sheep farming Explain why Elizabeth faced challenges both at home and abroad in the years 1558-68. One of the most significant developments of the Elizabethan Renaissance was the proliferation of the sonnet, a fourteen-line poem centered on a single theme such as love or friendship. Whipped and expelled from the parish if not born there. Excellent awareness to the links between factors here.]. Stimulus = Enclosure / Population increase, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The rural areas of London contained the majority of the population of England. The poor were categorised into; the ... sheep farming unemployment increased rapidly. This helped increase poverty in a number of ways - ... How did enclosures increase poverty in Elizabethan England? STUDY. When large landowners changed from arable to sheep farming, unemployment increased rapidly. The poor became poorer, and the sight of vagabonds and beggars was becoming alarming. People who moved from place to place looking for work or money. The Ryeland sheep are mainly raised for meat. Landowners were finding it harder to help all the poor. Dramatic population increase (43% from 1550-1600) led to higher inflation and lower wages. A population of four millions then lived on an area of some thirty-seven million acres, the total area of England and Wales. From the Lake District and Pennines in the north, down through the Cotswolds to the rolling hills of the West Country, across to the southern Downs and manors of East Anglia, huge numbers of sheep were kept for wool. The Elizabethan Era was a very productive time period that was important for its religion, William Shakespeare, and Queen Elizabeth herself. Wool and sheep farming. He has an MA in Modern History and a BA in History and Politics. The Elizabethan government was very worried about the problem of the poor, as were ordinary people. Passed a series of laws to deal with poverty and unemployment. Many workers therefore found it difficult to support themselves and their families. A pamphlet in the 1560s, written by Sir Thomas Smith, criticised the pursuit of profit over the production of food and the wellbeing of the community. International exploration and the growth of a global economy combined with the emergence of new ideas about religion and the way that society worked to create a vibrant cultural life. Ryeland sheep breed information Ignored words will never appear in any learning session. There were many causes for this: recession, trade embargoes, bad harvests, a general population increase and changes to farming which led to higher levels of rural unemployment. The closing of the monasteries in the 1530s created even more unemployment. Learn. ‘sheep farming was the most important cause of poverty in Elizabethan England.’ How far do you agree? Population increase – 43% increase between 1550 and 1600. In an attempt to try to change things, the government passed a number of very strict Poor Laws, but this had little effect on the towns and countryside. There are 3 types of question that will come up on the Elizabethan paper ... • Mary, Queen of Scots’ arrival in England in 1568 You must also use information of your own ... • Sheep farming • Rising prices You must also use information of your own How far do you agree? This was further compounded by the bad luck of poor harvests in 1562, 1565, 1573 and 1586, as this meant low food supply and high prices. But alas, for many people life was very difficult. ; A series of poor harvests also led to food prices increasing. The breed originated from England. This led to rural depopulation and a mass exodus to the towns and cities of England. "(United) Commentary: Other ways that Elizabethan era helped prosper was the clothiers, they imported and exported finished cloth to … Cattle were kept almost exclusively as working animals, unlike today, few herds existed. How did the government deal with the problem of the poor? Doxy. Not only did this lower food supply and therefore drive prices up, it meant many lost their jobs as fewer workers were required on sheep farms. Enclosures raised a lot of concern in the sixteenth century. Diseases such as the plague and smallpox left families without a wage earner. Sheep and cattle farming, especially on enclosed farms, required far fewer labourers and so many commentators felt this was causing the ‘depopulation’ of the countryside (Clay, 1984, pp. ... of small landowners tending their own small plots of land was ended in favour of … Elizabethan England - response to poverty. A sheep farm "Poetry also experienced a revival by writers such as Edmund Spenser and Thomas Wyatt. The village life during the Elizabethan era depended upon the season. Test. Created by. People who couldn't work because of old age or illness. Flashcards. Population growth was the main reason why vagabondage increased in Elizabethan England. This precisely selected information helps exhibit a total focus on the question and by linking sheep farming to the wool trade, helps support the judgement.]. Boston Spa, 214 High Street, Moreover, desperation for work meant that landowners further exploited this position by driving up rents on tenant farmers. Henry VIII … Sheep were the most common farm animal in England during the period, their numbers doubling by the 14th century. Rocky is a full-time History and Politics teacher, as well as an examiner. Flemish and Italian merchants were familiar figures in the wool markets of the day ready to buy wool from lord or peasant alike, all for ready cash. Reason 2: Sheep farming • English wool was England’s biggest export & was very profitable • Sheep farmers had lots of sheep and they needed land to keep them on • Sheep farming took land that had been used for growing crops or it took the common land (land that was free for all people to use) The cattle … The Nottingham woman who gave up the stage for shearing sheep. Could cause social unrest. Sheep farming took over common land which … It was especially perilous for subsistence farmers who lived off what they grew. British Depth Study. F) Closure of monasteries, 1536-1541. Life in Elizabethan England. How it all … Henry VIII had closed monasteries which had helped the poor. ... had been fenced off (enclosed) for sheep farming. Easier to keep track of animals and use new techniques for drainage and fertilising. Moreover, enclosed land was easier to drain. How did the Vagabonds Act aim to help the poor? Money given to the poor to help them feed themselves. Prices were rising; wages weren't rising; changes in the countryside - more sheep farming and enclosure. Movable Feasts (All related to Easter) Large open fields were closed off with hedges. Carried a stick with a hook to steal clothes from washing lines. One of the oldest English sheep which were grazed on the rye pastures. There were three groups of people in Elizabethan England, rich, middling and poor. Sheep became increasingly widely used for wool, particularly in the Welsh borders, Lincolnshire and the Pennines. The wide-ranging knowledge goes beyond the stimulus points with ease and the occasional statistic helps to establish the extent/scale of impact felt by the factors analysed. Ultimately, changes in farming were the most important reason, therefore I agree with the statement. Introduction. Passed to ensure poor relief was collected. Nowadays though, you’ll find her in the fields of Burton Joyce with her 70 sheep. LS23 6AD, Tel: +44 0844 800 0085 Improved farming techniques and an emphasis on enclosure and sheep farming placed less demand on labour-intensive work, which then meant landowners could exploit the competition for jobs by increasing land rents and reducing wages to maximise their own profits. Land in the village which everyone could use e.g. All of these changes therefore, both in the short term and the long term, caused continuous rural depopulation, which in turn led to the increasing trend of urban vagabondage. crop farming to sheep farming and the collapse of the woollen trade in the 1550s meant there was rise in unemployment. The Tudors commonly kept sheep as a source of wool, milk, meat and lambs. You may use the following in your answer: The religious settlement Mary, Queen of Scots’ arrival in England (1568) You must also use information of your own The … JPs had to find work for able bodied poor. Combined, these problems meant that people migrated to the major cities like Norwich and London especially, looking for work. Causes of Poverty. They deliberately lived outside of city and town walls (so they could essentially be outside of the law), and lived in tightly packed together shacks, turning to begging and crime to survive. You may use the following in your answer: Sheep Farming Rising prices 8. Life in Elizabethan England . Wrote a book to warn people about vagabonds stealing. The 16-marker question means that students need to analyse a statement related to ... ‘sheep farming was the most important cause of poverty in Elizabethan England.’ How far do you agree? Disease – there were many outbreaks of plague and other infectious diseases in the 16th century. You may use the following in your answer: Enclosure Price rises You must also use information of your own. How far do you agree? Historically, rural society utilised a three tier structure of landowners (nobility, gentry and … Why was there an increase in sheep farming? PLAY. Farming sheep was profitable because of the wool trade. Sheep Farming was a lucrative business to be in as the price of wool was increasing.